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The term "Incidental Master Key" refers to a specific type of key that is designed to operate a lock at an unintended shear line when used in conjunction with a top master key and a change key. This situation occurs because the incidental master key can sometimes align with both the master and change key configurations in a way that allows it to operate certain locks without being a standard or commonly used key for that lock.

In the context of lock mechanisms, the shear line is the point at which the pins of a lock align to allow the cylinder to turn and unlock. When an incidental master key engages the lock at an unintended shear line, it can unlock it, demonstrating a unique interaction with the lock's pin system. This is distinct from other types of master keys, which are specifically designed for standard operations within a lock system.

The concept behind an incidental master key is to provide flexibility and access in a larger master key system, where varied access levels are required. It allows for situations where one key can inadvertently open more than one lock without being a designated master key, differing from keys that are designed with precise control over access to different areas or lock systems.